Basketball An Out Line Of The Event Or Sport - 1903 Words

Basketball An out-line of the event or sport A brief out line of basketball is it is a game played with a pumped round ball between two teams of five players each on a rectangular court. In professional or minor competition basketball is usually played indoors, but it does not need to be. Each team tries to score by shooting the ball through the other teams goal at each end of the court, above their heads. The goal is a round hoop and net called a basket. The team scoring the most such throws, through field goals or foul shots, wins the game. Equipment used You do not need a lot of equipment to play basketball all you need is a basketball, a court and one or two basketball rings. The basketball court is in a shape of a rectangle ranging in size from about 29 m by 15 m to about 22 m by 13 m. 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Marjane Creates Her Identity Growing Up As An Opposition

Marjane creates her identity growing up as an opposition to authority while still being influenced by the values of her origin. Her contact with Iranian culture and Western Cultures were very similar experiences, considering both attempted to restrict her free will. She was raised to rebel which was only literally reinforced considering her parents were a part of the rebellion. While living in her native country, she seems to always find herself in some type of trouble because of the way she challenges authority and normal social constructs. Her parents send her to school in Austria because they fear that her inherent need to question authority in any situation she is in would get into major trouble or even killed. But this need to†¦show more content†¦Even though when Marjane is sent to Austria she attends a religious school, where education is used to train prejudice and propaganda, it is important because of what it demonstrates to Marjane. Mainly because she had previous ly attended a nonreligious school beforehand, Marjane was presented with the opportunity to be taught from both perspectives of education and given the ability to question what she had learned in both places. Marjane gains a specific observational skill that lets her notice hypocrisy when those who surround her are too biased by their religion or politics. Once again, her father was a big influencer in the rebellious attitude that was implemented through education. He explained to Marjane that the Shah was not chosen by God and that this was just a ploy to overthrow the government. He hated the Shah because he wasn’t educated or literate and he wanted his daughter to be the opposite. He resented the Shah and anyone who used religion to legitimize their power, which could have played into Marjane’s disdain for authority at her religious school later on. The school that Marjane attends in Austria was intended to be different for her, assumingly by her parents who wanted her to be safer, but it was still led by authoritarians who used religion as power. She could not stand thatShow MoreRelated Marjane Satrapis Persepolis3668 Words   |  15 Pages19).Such abrupt uprooting of a citizens identity and physical connection to their homeland leads to a conflicting sense of identity and belonging in individuals who are involved in the sudden transition. As a member of the Iranian diaspora, Marjane Satrapi endured many hardships in her efforts to transition from Middle Eastern culture to a more modernist Western culture. Her series of graphic novel memoirs, Persepolis, depict her childhood growing up in Iran during both the Islamic Revolution

Head of Household during the Cold War Era Free Essays

If I were the head of household who took care of my family during the Cold War Era, I would make sure to get everything needed for at least two weeks to survive if there was a nuclear bomb disaster. I would have my husband and friends build a bomb shelter that can fit at least 50 people in our basement to protect my family and friends from the nuclear disaster. I would make sure that we have plenty of water for cooking and drinking, stock up on supplies, canned food, pre-packaged foods such as crackers, cookies, wafers for at least two to three weeks to feed all of us. We will write a custom essay sample on Head of Household during the Cold War Era or any similar topic only for you Order Now We will make sure to have a camp stove with enough fuel to boil rice, beans, and pasta. Have a can opener for the canned food, enough batteries with a radio, small portable television, and flashlights to keep them running so we can listen to the news, or music. We will also need a power generator, or candles with enough matches just in case the power goes out and the generator stops working. I will make sure we have available to us sanitation kits and medical kits just in case a family member gets hurt. Another kit that should be in the shelter is a radiation detection kit. For keeping everyone entertained we will have board games to keep us occupied, do sharedes, books to read, crayons and coloring books for the younger children, have cards so we can play card games. Also my husband and I will make sure we have clothing, shoes and blankets available to us. We will also make sure that a bathroom is built in the bomb shelter with running water and plumbing so we can take quick showers. In the bathroom we will have plenty of toilet paper, soap, shampoo, combs, brushes, toothpaste, deodorant, toothbrushes, and plenty of towels. We would make sure that we have heavy duty plastic sheets with duct tape to keep out harmful chemicals and gases. Most importantly my husband and I will sit down our children and explain to them what is happening and what we need to do and what is going to take place. How to cite Head of Household during the Cold War Era, Essay examples

Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Do carers in aged care facilities provide Passive exercise for Clients Daily? Answer: Research question/hypothesis and purpose: With the rise in ageing population, wide array of service and support are now available for elderly people in Australia. The aged care facilities play an active role in providing specific assistance to people aged over 65 years. Active motion exercise is essential for physical fitness and functional independence in older people. However, in aged care facilities, there are many older adults who lack the ability to perform active exercise. As older people above 70 years are most likely to stay in bed or wheelchair, providing them passive exercise is necessary for functional fitness in them. The benefit of passive exercise is that it helps maintain muscle strength and flexibility and pain management (Takahashi et al. 2015). The effectiveness of passive exercise is seen when it is provided by carers in aged care facilities on a daily basis. However, there is little idea regarding the frequency of passive exercise provided to elder. Hence, the main purpose of this research is to evaluate whether carers provided passive exercise to elders on a daily basis or not and find out the frequency of participation and continuation of exercise in these facilities. The main research question related to the topic is: Do carers in aged care facilities provide passive exercise on a daily basis?. The six steps of evidence based practice will support in identifying current weakness in aged care practice and planning future priorities for nurse to enhance their performance. The six steps includes assessing the patient, asking the question, acquiring the evidence, appraising the evidence, applying it to patient and self-evaluation of performance (Schmidt and Brown, 2014). The findings of the research might contribute to evidence based practice because the results will give idea about the rate at which passive exercise is provided and the health status of older clients. In the presence of these data, it will be easy to critically analyze the evidence and find out the best element that can be taken from the result to inform and improve future nursing practice. The result regarding the duration and schedule of passive exercise provided to elders at aged care facilities will also contribute to nursing practice as it will give nurses the idea regarding the barriers and facilitators t o passive exercise regimen. With this insight, they can adopt strategies to reduce barrier and promote active participation of elders in passive exercise routine on a daily basis. It will support nurses to provide restorative care to elderly. In this research, the physiotherapist will significantly contribute to the research as their collaboration would help to understand the types of physical exercise and its benefits for elderly. Their knowledge and experience will also help in determining the duration and frequency at which the passive exercise will provide health benefit to elderly. Literature review: The importance of doing research to investigate about the role of carers in providing passive exercise to elderly people is understood from the review of previous research literature related to the topic. The core idea of the research is the importance of passive exercise for elderly people and the research by Takahashi et al. (2015) was found important in relation to the research topic as it compared passive exercise with active exercise to determine its effectiveness on functional fitness in elderly nursing home residents. The participants were divided into active motion and passive motion exercise group and functional fitness of each group was evaluated after the intervention. The adherence rate and improvement in fitness was found equally in both groups proving that both active and motion exercise are equally effective for optimal health and functioning of older adults. The only negative outcome was that functional reach was not achieved by people in the passive exercise group. I n the research, the duration of the exercise program was 3days/week for 12 weeks. The key gap in the study was that it did not explained the mechanism of how passive exercise produced positive effect for participants. The main contribution of new research on the topic is that it will help to find out the possibility of passive exercise on a daily basis as well as the mechanism by which the underlying benefit is achieved. Takahashi et al. (2015) has carried the research with automatic passive motion exercise machine, however the uniqueness of current research proposal is that it will implement those passive exercise which be provided by carers like nurses in aged care setting. Hence, the results would be a useful piece of evidence to determine alternative mode of exercise for those older adults who cannot tolerate active exercise. In aged care facilities, there are older adults who are strictly on bed rest, however carers also need to consider best mobility exercise for them too. Due to the severity of illness and effects of drugs, some older adults remain completely immobilized. Younis and Sayed Ahmed (2015) considered about the role of passive exercise for such type of patients and aimed to analyze the effect of passive exercise on hemodynamic parameters and behavioral pain intensity pat in mechanically ventilated patients. Although the research was not carried out specially with older adults, however the research had about half of patients between the age of 50-61 years. The outcome is important considering patients who are completely immobilized. The condition of immobilization relates to older people above 65 years of age. The study also proved that most critically ill patients are old. In terms of outcome in patient after implementing the intervention, it was found that passive exercise protocol has posi tive impact on patient and physiological variables of participants remained in normal range. Participants also reported no pain after 20 minutes of intervention. Hence, this study contributed to the fact that apart from functional efficiency, passive exercise can also improve pain intensity and physiological variable in completely immobile people. However, as this study has not defined the optimal time interval at which such exercise should be performed, the current research is crucial to determine how often do cares provide passive exercise to older adults in aged care setting. Stretching exercise are common in passive range of motion exercise and the contribution of the study by Gallon et al. (2011) is it investigated about the effects of stretching on flexibility, functionality and muscle performance of older women under residential care. Elderly women from nursing home were randomly assigned to control and stretching group. 3 session of active exercise was provided for every week for 8 weeks. Muscle strength is an important element to characterize functional capability in people and assessment of muscle tendon flexibility was an important consideration in the research. The stretching program was found to be beneficial in providing hamstring flexibility compared to initial outcome of participant. Positive results were demonstrated in the study by stretching protocols only three times a week. The new research on how often do carers provide exercise can help to determine whether similar 3-4 session protocol per week is followed by carers in aged setting or they provided the passive exercise protocol on daily basis. The outcome of the research will also help to assess older peoples view and perception regarding preparedness of passive exercise on a daily basis. Methodology, data collection and analysis method Research method: As the main purpose of this research is to investigate whether carers in aged care setting provide passive exercise to clients on a daily basis or not, mixed method study will be employed to inquire about passive exercise protocol followed in aged care setting in Australia. The interview with research participants will help to gather details about the passive exercise protocol in aged care setting, type of illness and disabilities in older adults and functional efficiency in participants engaging in passive exercise program. The qualitative approach will be useful in identifying the barrier and facilitator in implementing passive exercise program by cares whereas the quantitative approach will help to analyze numerical numbers regarding the frequency of these programs and improvement in functional and physical parameters of elderly client. The functional parameters that will be analyzed in the research include upper body strength, lower body strength and balance and agility of older adults. Reliable and validated tools will be used to record functional parameters of client and this data will also help to evaluate the effectiveness of passive exercise program on the basis of duration (Mijnarends et al. 2013) Data collection: The main research participants for this research will include carers like nurses working in aged care setting to provide mobility support to elderly people. The data regarding passive exercise program will be collected from 2-3 aged care facilities in Australia. This would give an estimate about the number of passive exercise session usually provided in aged care setting. It is estimated to take about 100 participants for the research to adequate analyze the research data and validate it applicability for future practice. The inclusion criteria for sample selection will include: Carers working in aged care facilities since 1 year Age of carers between 20-50 years All carers must have provided passive exercise to older clients in aged care setting The exclusion criteria for sample selection include the following: Newly placed carers having no experience in providing passive exercise Carers engaging in other routine care for participants. The survey method with the use of survey questionnaire will be employed to collect data from research participant. All participants will be informed about the purpose of interview and the survey questionnaire will be distributed to participants online and they will be given 24 hours time limit to submit their response. The three questions that would be useful in designing the interview questionnaire are as follows: Do you provide passive exercise to carers on a daily basis? How many sessions are provided per week? What barriers and facilitators you have found in providing passive exercise to older clients? What are the improvement in functional parameters of older client before and after performing passive exercise? Data analysis: The qualitative part of the data collected from interview (barriers and facilitator to passive exercise) will be analyzed by an experience physiotherapist and he will categorize the data on the basis of barriers and facilitators identified. In addition, the data regarding frequency of session/week and functional parameters of older clients before and after passive exercise will be analysed by statistical method. The effect of passive exercise will be studied with repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA). The advantage of using ANOVA is that it helps to evaluate significant difference between mean in case of functional paremeters of older client before and after passive exercise. This will be useful in evaluating the impact of passive exercise on elderly residents in aged care facility (Kraemer and Blasey 2015). The two potential uses of the data from the research are as follows: Creating standard passive exercise protocol in aged care setting Mitigating barriers experienced in providing passive exercise to older clients The WHO document on standards and operational guidance for ethics review of health-related research with human participants would help to meet the statutory requirements for data collection and documentation (WHO | Ethical standards and procedures for research with human beings 2017). Validity of the research: The dependent variable for this research includes physiological, social and personal variable as capacity for exercise as this will have an effect on frequency and regular participation in passive exercise. On the other hand, socioeconomic variable and emotional variable are the independent factor in research because this research considers only those clients who already residing in aged care facility. There might be two obstacles in conducting this research. It includes the following: The first obstacle in this research would be getting enough participants to include them in research. The problem may arise because many carers may not have enough time to take part in interview due to busy work schedule. This may have an impact on taking adequate sample size for this research. However, this problem has been addressed by engaging in online survey instead of face-to-face interview with participant. This will save time as well as encourage carers to take 5-10 minutes out for giving their response to the questionnaire. Due to this issue, only 3 questions have been included in questionnaire. The second obstacle will be taking permission from aged care facility to allow their carers to take part in research. The possibility of short time in online survey and detailed information of the main purpose of this research might help to address this obstacle in research. One of the strength of the research method is the use of online survey questionnaire to collect data from participants. This will save time and reduce the hassle of analyzing a large amount of data. By developing only 3 important and specific questionnaire, there is less chance of biasness and more accuracy in research finding. The weakness of the research method is that it will be taking participants only from 2-3 aged care facility, however this may affect the reliability of research because 2-3 institute cannot give idea about the standard passive exercise protocol followed in aged care facility in Australia. One approach that would strengthen the validity of the study is maintaining proper balance between sample size and research design. This will ensure that research proceeds in a smooth manner and it can be easily replicated by other parties. The two questions can evaluate the quality of the study includes: Can the research finding be applied and generalized to other aged care setting? Is the variability in research outcome adequately explained in the research study? Ethical, cultural and religious considerations: The physical effect that the study may have on the life of participants relative is that it may have an impact on to physical activity need of their relatives and loved ones. The participant may help to correct faulty method or inadequate period of physical activity in their relative. The study may have emotional impact on participants relative because they may feel stressed out due to poor results of their client. Emotional tensions can be addressed by developing the confidence of carers in overcoming professional issues in practice. While collecting data from research participant, people from certain ethnic group may not be comfortable during interview method in an enclosed room. Hence, anticipating cultural and religious consideration in conducting face to face interview, online survey method has been adopted for this research. While researching and participating in the study, it will be necessary to follow all of the mentioned professional standards of practice. While conducting this research, it be necessary to identify review the Human Research Ethics Committee document of the country and ethical guideline for biomedical research on human subjects. The Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) will ensure that ethical approval is obtained before starting the research on the topic. Appropriate guideline will be provided to all research staffs giving all detail about research design, research methods and ethical requirement in research to ensure that all research staff apply their duty of care. The confidentiality and privacy of participants will be protected by keeping the name and identity of participants anonymous and only using professional data to analyze research data. Schedule, funding and dissemination of research: Research Timeline Provided in Appendix A Research Budget Provided in Appendix B If the research is approved, then conducting conference will be the best way to share the work findings with Research Committee as well as staffs in aged care. Reflection 9.1 While planning this research proposal, I had to work with a team of other researcher to plan the best topic that would be of interest in the field of aged care. We engaged in positive team work and worked together to take best approach for each stage of research h. We discussed with each other and took suggestion from other regarding the best way to conduct the research. On the basis of team work and collaboration, we could finally decide the research participant as well as the methods to conduct the research. References Gallon, D., Rodacki, A.L.F., Hernandez, S.G., Drabovski, B., Outi, T., Bittencourt, L.R. and Gomes, A.R.S., 2011. The effects of stretching on the flexibility, muscle performance and functionality of institutionalized older women.Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research,44(3), pp.229-235. Kraemer, H.C. and Blasey, C., 2015.How many subjects?: Statistical power analysis in research. Sage Publications. Mijnarends, D.M., Meijers, J.M., Halfens, R.J., ter Borg, S., Luiking, Y.C., Verlaan, S., Schoberer, D., Jentoft, A.J.C., van Loon, L.J. and Schols, J.M., 2013. Validity and reliability of tools to measure muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in community-dwelling older people: a systematic review.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association,14(3), pp.170-178. Schmidt, N.A. and Brown, J.M., 2014.Evidence-based practice for nurses. Jones Bartlett Learning. Takahashi, T., Takeshima, N., Rogers, N.L., Rogers, M.E. and Islam, M.M., 2015. Passive and active exercises are similarly effective in elderly nursing home residents.Journal of physical therapy science,27(9), pp.2895-2900. WHO | Ethical standards and procedures for research with human beings. 2017.Who.int. Retrieved 21 November 2017, from https://www.who.int/ethics/research/en/ Younis, G. and Sayed Ahmed, S., 2015. Effectiveness of Passive Range of Motion Exercise on Hemodynamic parameters and Behavioral pain Intensity among Adult Mechanically Ventilated Patients.IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science,4(6), pp.1-18

Abortion Essays (925 words) - Abortion Debate, Fertility, Abortion

Abortion Abortion is one of the most controversial issues discussed in today's society. This issue has caused a great deal of turmoil in the world. Some protestors have even killed other human beings over the issue. People's religion has had some input on this issue, but this should not be the only factor when looking at this serious controversial debate. There are many questions that one must ask him or herself when deciding to be either for or against abortion. In this position paper I am going to talk about some issues that may not be black and white. My position on this issue is against abortion, and I am going to attempt to show that. Abortion is wrong in many instances. It is wrong anytime except in the case of a dying mother, incest or rape. It is wrong because people choose to have sex. They know the consequences before they had sex. For example, a person is playing Russian Roulette. This person knows that there is a possibility that they may die from this. In the case of pregnancy, the people that choose to have sex, they know that there is a chance at getting pregnant. The people that have an abortion when they have become pregnant by there own choice, not by incest, rape or threatening the mother's life, are using it as a birth control method, which is wrong. One of the major issues is determining whether or not the fetus is a person, and if so, when? My view is that it becomes a person at the time of conception. At that specific time, it has 46 chromosomes and is determined whether or not is it going to be a boy or girl. Furthermore, all other characteristics are decided at that moment. One of the issues discussed in class was the time of conception. A point mentioned in class was that any time a sperm or egg was destroyed or killed, then abortion was occurring, for example, masturbation or menstruation. The point that is trying to be made is that if killing the fetus at conception is wrong, which has potential to be a person, then killing the things that have potential to become a person, like sperm and eggs, is wrong also. I do not agree with this point. My reasoning is the sperm or egg does not have all 46 chromosomes, it has only half. Half of the chromosomes does not make a person. Alone, the sperm or egg cannot become a person, but at the time of conception it is possible. I cannot sufficiently rebut the idea of the potentiality of the sperm or egg. I do understand that these both have the potential to become a person. A point related to the previous one is the use of contraceptives. The use of contraceptives brings up the issue of why aren't these as wrong as an abortion. This raises again the idea of the potentiality of a person. As I previously mentioned, I do not see something with half of the chromosomes needed to become a human, a human. John Noonan says that the fetus is a person, therefore it is wrong to kill it. The problem with this is that all people do not believe a fetus is a person, therefore it is okay to kill it. For example, Mary Anne Warren does not believe the fetus is a person. She thinks that there are certain traits or characteristics that an organism must have in order to be characterized as a person. These are: (1) "consciousness (of objects and events external and /or internal to the being), and in particular the capacity to feel pain; (2) reasoning (the developed capacity to solve new and relatively complex problems); (3) self motivated activity (activity which is relatively independent of either genetic of direct external control); (4) the capacity to communicate, by whatever means, messages of an indefinite variety of types, that is, not just with an indefinite number of possible contents, but on indefinitely many possible topics; (5) the presence of self-concepts, and self awareness, either individual or racial, or both." The problem with these traits as determining the time at which a fetus becomes a person is that these traits describe things that are not just human, but also children that are two and three years of age. For instance, these characteristics say that a new born baby that is alive and breathing on its own, is not a person and therefore it is okay to kill

Financial Statement Valuation of Continental and Southwest Essay Example

Financial Statement Valuation of Continental and Southwest Essay Example Financial Statement Valuation of Continental and Southwest Essay Financial Statement Valuation of Continental and Southwest Essay Although the industry is optimistic about the future and is well positioned to move forward, the reality is that events beyond the airlines control could easily push them off course, for example: Fuel spikes Recessions Exogenous shocks such as terrorism and natural disasters and the sharp rise in oil rises after Hurricane Strain appears to be the general cause of death of many airlines. Strategy Structure: Goals Objectives: Companies articulate their long-term goals and objectives to compete within the market environment. Southwest seems to be outperforming goals even in an ever changing and challenging market environment. This above average growth is due to their low operating structure. This competitive advantage allowed the company to become profitable for its 34th consecutive year (2006). Southwest has the lowest costs adjusted for stage length, on a seat mile basis of all the major airlines (see Generic Strategies section for low cost factors). Continental Airlines, although still a leader in the industry, seem to have a less efficient operating structure than Southwest. Intention l, acknowledging ten Increasing competition Trot low cost carriers as well as large network airlines using bankruptcy laws to dramatically lower their costs, updated their Go Forward Plan to allow the company to compete and operate efficiently and effectively. Continental Airlines returned to profitability in 2006 after suffering losses for the two previous years. Governance: Both Southwest Airlines and Continental Airl ines are subject to the same external industry regulations such as the Aviation Security Act, the International Air Transportation Competition Act and various regulations by the D. : O. T. In the U. S. Both companies comply with U. S. GAP. Each company has its own set of internal controls to ensure that operations are continued in an efficient and legitimate manner. Refer to the other issues section for an analysis of each companys corporate governance structure. Risk Framework: A company can never eliminate all risk and is exposed to a certain amount of UN- diversifier external risk. The best a company can do is to try and reduce its exposure to these risks and have a framework in place so the risk will have a minimum impact. Many factors could affect each firms ability to control its costs including the price and availability of fuel, employee hiring and retention rates, regulatory requirements, competition, security concerns, changes in economic conditions (consumer preferences, disposable income, interest rates etc). Organizational Structure: Each firm has a different route structure. Both firms seem to be steered by good management, Southwest with a very innovative approach, and, the Continental management team who steered the company back to profitability in 2006. Southwest seem to have a superior operating structure which gives them their low cost advantage. Managing For Value: Financial Assets: Southwest Airlines had fuel derivatives in place for over 70% of their expected fuel needs in 2006. In contrast Continental Airlines hedged approximately 30% and 10% of projected fuel requirements for the first and second quarters of 2007 in 2006. Southwest Airlines aggressive hedging strategies is a source of their competitive advantage, however in the current environment of ever rising fuel prices it would appear that this source of competitive advantage may not be sustainable as this strategy may be easily imitated by competitors. Continental Airlines engaged in forward contracts in 2006 to hedge approximately 48% of projected GAP denominated scofflaws for 2007 and 32% of projected Euro denominated scofflaws Tort 200/ I Nils strategy amalgamates ten companys exchange rate rills never Walt current U. S. Trade deficit and a weakening dollar it seems somewhat unnecessary to hedge these stronger currencies. Intangible Assets: Southwest Airlines has various leases with respect to airport owned gates, terminal assenter service facilities at each of the airports it serves and land on a long term basis for its maintenance centers. Similarly Continental has various aircraft leases and other leases in relation to real property, airport and terminal facilities, maintenance facilities, training centers and general offices. The company also has airport routes and operating rights which represent gate spaces and slots and an investment in Coop Holdings worth $mom and an investment in Holdings shares worth $mom. Physical Assets: Southwest Airlines has a fleet of 481 Boeing 737 aircrafts of which 388 are owned. Southwest also owns three of its reservations centers and its maintenance, training centre and corporate headquarters buildings at Dallas Love Field, Houston Hobby, Phoenix Shy Harbor and Chicago Midway. Continental owns a total of 140 mainland jets and 18 regional Jets. Substantially all of the aircrafts and engines owned are subject to mortgages and a significant portion of their spare parts inventory are also encumbered. Innovation: Southwest Airlines were the first major airline to introduce a tickles travel option. The company also extended online check-in facility to 24 hours prior to departure. Furthermore online boarding passes are available through www. Southwest. Com Continental Airlines introduced the Presidents Club which is a private membership club that offers a quiet area where travelers can work or relax. Similarly to Southwest Airlines, Continental Airlines offers online check-in to all passengers up to 24 hours in advance of flight departure. Brand and Intellectual Assets: Southwest Airlines is renowned for its low cost initiative through its point to point systems and various other cost reduction operations, it is a company where low cost fares are guaranteed.

If assisted suicide is to be permitted, it is essential that Essay

If assisted suicide is to be permitted, it is essential that parliament decides on legislation which, apart from the permission - Essay Example Passive euthanasia on the other hand is not by performing the act itself, but allowing someone to commit suicide. Passive euthanasia therefore is much easily accepted as compared to active euthanasia. Euthanasia by omission is the act wherein a person intentionally hastens the death of someone by not providing normal needs like food and water, and other needs that could prolong life. There also different classifications of euthanasia, there is voluntary, involuntary and non-voluntary. Euthanasia is voluntary if the patient made the request to die. If a patient for example made no actual request due to the incapability to express it, either by the severity of illness or unfit mental state, then it will be non-voluntary. The third classification is when a patient expresses a desire to live but is killed or allowed to die anyway; it is then called involuntary euthanasia. However, there are opposing views on passive euthanasia. Many claims that this type does not intend to take life and is therefore cannot be classified as such. Failure to treat a patient due to the knowledge that it will not help the patient and stopping treatments that are not effective and is not wanted or just proves to be a burden to the patient are in this category, 1 as well as giving fatal doses of pain-killers due to the patient’s need for it to alleviate pain. These practices are in fact considered as good medical practices by the law when done right. England is probably one of the latest to tackle the ethical issues regarding assisted suicide. A number of nations in Europe such as Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg have legalized different forms of physician-assisted suicide in the past few years. In the U.S., the state of Oregon has also legalized this practice, by permitting doctors to prescribe fatal doses of medicine to mentally capable but fatally ill patients. The current law in England pertaining to assisted suicide, under the 961 Suicide Act, entails that encouraging or a ssisting in a suicide can face up 14 years of imprisonment. Unfortunately, it has been found that more than a hundred United Kingdom citizens opted to travel to other places in order to end their lives.2 Recently Debbie Purdy, a patient with multiple sclerosis appealed to the House of Lords which ruled after the hearing, that there is a need for greater clarity. Purdy wanted to know if her husband will be prosecuted if he will help her to go abroad to die. Draft guidance was published by Keir Starmer, the director of public prosecutions, soon after, acting out of his own free will and despite his lack of authority to change the law. The draft though has been taken into effect right away. Starmer laid down factors that could possibly influence the possible prosecution of a person which has now been updated after a consultation that received approximately 5000 submissions. Factors that are to be considered before prosecution includes whether the patient made a voluntary decision, if i s well-informed and if he is settled with the action to be undertaken. The motivation and agenda of the accused must also be emphasized, acting entirely out of compassion and not for any financial purposes or gain of it. The set of guides are intended to make individuals with a death wish dwell on whether the person they are asking help from will need to face prosecution or not. However, this guide offers no guarantees